Latvia, a charming country comparable in size to Ireland, is home to around 1.8 million people. Despite its modest size, Latvia boasts over 1,000 manor houses and palaces, along with approximately 140 medieval castles. Many of these architectural gems are conveniently located just a short drive from the capital, Riga, making them ideal destinations for a Latvia fly-drive holiday. Some of these historic manor houses even offer accommodation, allowing you to immerse yourself in the history of these magnificent estates.
Livonian Order Castle Ruins in Dobele
My journey began with a visit to the Livonian Order Castle Ruins in Dobele, a site steeped in history dating back to 1000 B.C. Originally a settlement of the Semigallians, a wooden castle once stood here as one of the administrative centers of ancient Semigallia. In the 14th century, the Livonian Order erected a new stone castle on the site. However, by the first half of the 18th century, the castle became uninhabited following the Northern War and the Big Plague. Today, the ruins stand as the oldest stone building in Dobele and a cultural monument of national significance. The observation deck in the renovated tower offers a great town view.
Tervete Wooden Castle (Tervete Hillfort)
Next, I visited the Tervete Wooden Castle, a remarkable reconstruction based on archaeological research. This 12th-century wooden castle features an extensive exposition of Semigallian material culture across its three floors. The displays include household items, ornaments, clothing, armaments, models, drawings, and photographs. The wax figure of the ruler of Semigallia, showcasing the largest Nameja ring found, and the impressive exhibition of swords were particularly striking. This visit offered a profound insight into the lives of the Semigallians. You can visit the castle from outside but museum is accessible by appointment only.
Rundale Palace
Rundale Palace, often referred to as the “Versailles of the Baltics,” is one of Latvia’s most magnificent architectural treasures and a must-visit destination on any Latvia holiday. Located just over an hour’s drive from Riga, this 18th-century masterpiece offers a glimpse into the opulent world of European aristocracy. Rundale Palace was designed by the renowned Italian architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, who is also celebrated for his work on the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. The palace was commissioned by Ernst Johann Biron, the Duke of Courland and a favorite of the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna. Construction began in 1736 and continued in two main phases, concluding in 1768. The palace served as Biron’s summer residence and was designed to impress, with its grandiose Baroque and Rococo interiors, opulent gardens, and richly decorated halls. Over the centuries, Rundale Palace has witnessed the rise and fall of empires, changing hands multiple times during wars and political upheavals. Despite this tumultuous history, the palace has been meticulously restored to its former glory, offering visitors an authentic experience of Latvia’s royal past.
Rundale Palace’s stunning architecture and historic ambiance have made it a sought-after location for filmmakers. The palace has served as a backdrop for numerous international movies and TV series, adding to its allure as a top destination for Latvia holidays. Notable productions include the BBC’s adaptation of War and Peace, where Rundale’s grand interiors perfectly captured the opulence of Russian aristocratic life. The palace also featured in the 2012 historical drama Anna Karenina, starring Keira Knightley, where it provided the perfect setting for scenes of 19th-century high society. As well as Catherine the Great starring Helen Mirren in 2019.
The palace’s 138 rooms, including the Golden Hall, White Hall, and the Duke’s apartments, are open to the public, each offering a unique insight into the lavish lifestyle of the 18th-century European nobility.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply looking for a unique cultural experience, Rundale Palace is an essential stop on your Latvian itinerary. As one of the most popular Latvian holiday attractions, it provides not only a window into the country’s rich history but also an unforgettable experience of its cultural heritage.
Rundale Palace is included in most of our Baltic holidays such as escorted group tours – Baltic Highlights or Baltic Metropoles and also in our private War and Peace Holiday featuring the filming locations.
Mazmezotne Manor
A short drive from Rundale Palace brought me to Mazmezotne Manor, nestled near the picturesque banks of the Lielupe River. Designed in the classical style by architect Jacomo Kvarnegi, the manor house has been fully renovated and offers 26 rooms and a spa. The estate, granted to Charlotte von Lieven by Empress Catherine the Great, is steeped in history. I spent the night at the manor hotel, which provided charming and comfortable experience. The nature trail of Mazmezotne is part of a nature reserve “Bauska” which is recognized as a specially preserved area of the European Union and offers a peaceful and scenic retreat.
Bauska Castle
The historical Bauska Castle was the next stop on my itinerary. The first written records of Bauska Castle date back to 1443 when the Order of Livonia constructed a fortress at the confluence of the Musa and Memele rivers. Later transformed into a fortified residence by Duke Gothard Kettler, the castle saw significant fortifications in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although partly destroyed during the Northern War in 1706, the castle has undergone extensive reconstruction since 1973. Exploring the ramparts, the ruins, and the central tower’s sightseeing platform provided a vivid glimpse into the castle’s storied past.
Jelgava Palace
Before returning to Riga, I took a short tour of Jelgava, formerly known as Mitau. First mentioned in the 13th century, Jelgava boasts a long and rich history. The highlight of the tour was the magnificent Jelgava Palace, designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. The palace, which houses the burial vault of the Dukes of Courland, stands as a testament to the city’s grand past and architectural heritage. Palace currently houses Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies.
This trip through Southern Latvia was a journey through time, exploring the region’s magnificent castles and manors, each with its unique history and charm. From the ancient ruins of Dobele to the baroque splendour of Rundale Palace, and the serene beauty of Mazmezotne Manor, every stop offered a new and enriching experience.
I highly recommend our Private Baltic Holiday for anyone interested in history, architecture, and the cultural heritage of Latvia. We can also tailor your self-drive holiday in Latvia including places of your interest and overnight stays in charming manor houses.
By Daina Kontrima
Baltic Travel Company (all rights reserved)